Literature review the relationship of antenatal class towards mother’s knowledge of dangerous sign during pregnancy

This study aims to determine the effect of antenatal classes on mother's knowledge about danger signs during pregnancy. This research method uses literature review research. The results showed that there was an effect of antenatal class on mother's knowledge about danger signs during pregnancy. From the results of this study, the researchers concluded that antenatal classes can increase the mother's knowledge of dangerous signs during pregnancy and can reduce the risk of complications during childbirth.


INTRODUCTION
Maternal mortality is still a major problem in the world. Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO, 2013) that 80% of women die from maternal problems every day. Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2013, the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) worldwide reached 289,000 per 100,000 live births and 99% occurred in developing countries (WHO, 2014). In Southeast Asia, MMR reaches 16,000/100,000 live births, Indonesia is in the top three, reaching 190/100,000 live births after Timor Leste (270/100,000 live births) and Myanmar (200/100,000 live births) (Kemenkes RI, 2015).
One of the causes of high maternal mortality occurs during pregnancy.The period of pregnancy itself is a very important period, because at this time is the growth and development of the fetus for nine months in the mother's womb (Suririnah, 2010). However, not all pregnancy processes can run physiologically, pregnant women can experience some serious problems regarding their pregnancy. There are several danger signs of pregnancy such as excessive abdominal pain, bleeding, excessive nausea and vomiting and severe headaches. In order to prevent more dangerous risks for pregnant women and their fetuses, it is necessary to increase the knowledge of mothers about the danger signs of pregnancy. (Nuryawati & Budiasih, 2017).
Recognizing the danger signs of complications in pregnancy should be done as an effort to prepare the mother and family in dealing with complications so as to prevent cases of maternal death. One of the efforts to increase the knowledge of pregnant women about the danger signs of pregnancy is through class activities for pregnant women. The class for pregnant women is a means of learning about health for pregnant women, in the form of face-to-face groups with the aim of increasing the knowledge and skills of The results of Maryani's research (2016) show that there is a relationship between the class of pregnant women and childbirth complications. Mothers who attend classes for pregnant women have a 0.35 times less risk of experiencing childbirth complications than pregnant women who do not attend classes during pregnancy. Nuryawati (2016) stated that there was a relationship between the class of pregnant women and the knowledge of pregnant women about the danger signs of pregnancy in the village of Surawangi, the working area of the Jatiwangi Health Center, Majalengka Regency in 2016.
Sasnitri (2017) states that there is a strong relationship between the class of pregnant women on the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about the danger signs of pregnancy. Liska (2018) states that there is an effect of implementing classes for pregnant women on the knowledge of pregnant women about the danger signs of pregnancy and the attitude of choosing birth attendants in the UPTD Yankes Pacet Work Area. Rohmin (2018) states that there is a relationship between mother's participation in the class of pregnant women and knowledge of MCH book material. Mwilike (2018) There is an increase in the knowledge score about the danger signs of pregnancy between the pre test and post test after attending health education about the danger signs of pregnancy for young mothers. Based on the results of Handayani's research (2016), the Pregnant Women Class Program (KIH) is very important to increase the knowledge of pregnant women and their families in understanding pregnancy and recognizing danger signs and complications as well as increasing the use of pregnant women classes in health services.Akinwaare (2019) states that 52.2% of women have good knowledge of obstetric danger signs after attending antenatal classes at a health facility. Kiik (2020) said that the mother class had a significant effect on improving mother's knowledge and skills. Pamungkas (2020) states that after attending counseling in the class of pregnant women about the danger signs of pregnancy using the KIA book, the respondent's knowledge of the danger signs of pregnancy has increased with an average pre-test score of 7.8 to 9.2 during the post test and all respondents have knowledge good as many as 25 respondents (100%).
The results of this review literature are in accordance with the theory of the Indonesian (Depkes, 2011). that the class of pregnant women is a means to learn about health for pregnant women in the form of face-to-face groups which aims to increase the knowledge, attitudes and skills of mothers and families regarding pregnancy, pregnancy care, childbirth, postpartum care for diseases or complications during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum, care for newborns using the KIA book as the main material and exercise for pregnant women.
Hani (2010) states that the class for pregnant women is a means of group learning about health for pregnant women, face-to-face which aims to increase the knowledge and skills of mothers regarding pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum care and care for newborns through practice using the KIA book. By participating in the class of pregnant women, pregnant women will be able to understand, change their attitudes and behavior about pregnancy, including early detection of danger signs of pregnancy (Kemenkes RI, 2011). The participation of pregnant women and families in the class of pregnant women is expected to increase knowledge and change in behavior of pregnant women and their families (Depkes, 2010). One of the specific objectives of the class of pregnant women is to improve the understanding, attitudes and behavior of pregnant women about pregnancy examinations so that the mother and the fetus are healthy (understanding of pregnancy, signs of pregnancy, complaints that are often experienced by pregnant women, physical changes in pregnant women, emotional changes in pregnant women , pregnancy checks, health services for pregnant women, keeping the mother and fetus healthy, things that should be avoided by mothers during pregnancy, myths / taboos, and preparation for childbirth) (Kemenkes RI, 2014).Increased knowledge and behavior change is expected to increase awareness of the importance of health care during pregnancy and recognition of signs of complications. The introduction of danger signs of pregnancy complications is an effort to prepare mothers and families in facing complications so as to prevent cases of maternal death (Depkes, 2010).
Based on a literature review search of 10 journal articles with research results showing that there is a relationship between antenatal classes and mother's knowledge of the danger signs at the risk of pregnancy during childbirth, this shows that the class of pregnant women greatly influences mother's knowledge not only about danger signs of pregnancy but from pregnancy, delivery and postpartum so that the class for pregnant women is effective to increase mother's knowledge and can reduce complications CONCLUSION Based on the literature review on the relationship between the class of pregnant women and the knowledge of mothers about the danger signs of pregnancy, there is a relationship between the classes of pregnant women in increasing the knowledge of mothers about the danger signs of pregnancy and reducing the risk of complications during childbirth, this means that the class of pregnant women has an important role in increase maternal knowledge about the danger signs of pregnancy.