Anxiety levels of voluntary blood donors in the blood donor unit of PMI Yogyakarta City

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31101/jhes.2726
Abstract views 464 times

Keywords:

anxiety level, blood donation, blood donor unit, voluntary blood donors

Abstract

Adverse events have an impact on the safety of blood donors and affect the interest in donating blood again. This adverse event is related to the anxiety experienced by blood donors. This study aims to determine the level of anxiety of voluntary blood donors after blood donation at the Blood Donor Unit PMI Yogyakarta City. This research is a descriptive research. The research instrument used the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire. The population in this study were blood donors at the PMI Blood Donor Unit, Yogyakarta City. The sampling technique uses quota sampling. The sample in this study were voluntary blood donors as many as 100 people who met the requirements for blood donation. Requirements for blood donors include physically and mentally healthy, age 17-60 years, minimum weight 50 kg, hemoglobin 12.5-17 g/dl, blood pressure 110/70 mmHg to 150/90 mmHg, and for women who are not pregnant/ breastfeeding/menstruation. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented with tables. The results showed that the majority of voluntary blood donors in the Blood Donor Unit PMI Yogyakarta City did not have anxiety (93%). Mild anxiety is most common in the younger age group, female gender, higher education and university students. Building and increasing self-efficacy, providing a positive blood donation experience, and mechanisms to reduce the rate of vasovagal reactions are important things to do to reduce anxiety, prevent vasovagal reactions and maximize donor retention.

References

Agnihotri, N., Marwaha, N., & Sharma, R. R. (2012). Analysis of adverse events and predisposing factors in voluntary and replacement whole blood donors: A study from north India. Asian Journal of Transfusion Science, 6(2), 155–160. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6247.98922

Almutairi, H., Salam, M., Alajlan, A., Wani, F., Al-Shammari, B., & Al-Surimi, K. (2017). Incidence, predictors and severity of adverse events among whole blood donors. PloS One, 12(7), e0179831. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179831

Bandura, A. (1988). Self-efficacy conception of anxiety. Anxiety Research, 1(2), 77–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615808808248222

Bednall, T. C., Bove, L. L., Cheetham, A., & Murray, A. L. (2013). A systematic review and meta-analysis of antecedents of blood donation behavior and intentions. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 96, 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.07.022

Chen, L., Zhou, Y., Zhang, S., & Xiao, M. (2022). How anxiety relates to blood donation intention of non-donors: The roles of moral disengagement and mindfulness. The Journal of Social Psychology, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2021.2024121

Cheraghali, A. (2012). Overview of Blood Transfusion System of Iran: 2002–2011. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 41(8), 89–93.

Dogra, A., Sidhu, M., Dogra, M., & Raina, T. R. (2015). Study of adverse whole blood donor reactions in normal healthy blood donors: Experience of tertiary health care centre in jammu region. Indian Journal of Hematology & Blood Transfusion: An Official Journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 31(1), 142–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12288-014-0396-y

France, C. R., & France, J. L. (2018). Fear of donation-related stimuli is reported across different levels of donation experience. Transfusion, 58(1), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.14382

France, C. R., France, J. L., Conatser, R., Lux, P., McCullough, J., & Erickson, Y. (2019). Predonation fears identify young donors at risk for vasovagal reactions. Transfusion, 59(9), 2870–2875. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15424

France, C. R., France, J. L., Himawan, L. K., Stephens, K. Y., Frame-Brown, T. A., Venable, G. A., & Menitove, J. E. (2013). How afraid are you of having blood drawn from your arm? A simple fear question predicts vasovagal reactions without causing them among high school donors. Transfusion, 53(2), 315–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03726.x

Gilchrist, P. T., & Ditto, B. (2015). Sense of impending doom: Inhibitory activity in waiting blood donors who subsequently experience vasovagal symptoms. Biological Psychology, 104, 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.11.006

Gilchrist, P. T., Masser, B. M., Horsley, K., & Ditto, B. (2019). Predicting blood donation intention: The importance of fear. Transfusion, 59(12), 3666–3673. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15554

Gilchrist, P. T., McGovern, G. E., Bekkouche, N., Bacon, S. L., & Ditto, B. (2015). The vasovagal response during confrontation with blood-injury-injection stimuli: The role of perceived control. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 31, 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.01.009

Hasan, I., Arshad, A., Rahim, N. A., & Soo, P. Y. (2020). Vasovagal reaction among whole blood donors in Hospital Pulau Pinang. A statistical-epidemiological study. Asian Journal of Transfusion Science, 14(1), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.4103/ajts.AJTS_111_17

Kasraian, L., Ashkani-Esfahani, S., & Foruozandeh, H. (2021). Reasons of under-representation of Iranian women in blood donation. Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy, 43(3), 256–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.htct.2020.03.009

Kasraian, L., & Negarestani, N. (2015). Rates and reasons for blood donor deferral, Shiraz, Iran. A retrospective study. Sao Paulo Medical Journal = Revista Paulista De Medicina, 133(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180-2013-7110002

Kowalsky, J. M., France, C. R., France, J. L., Whitehouse, E. A., & Himawan, L. K. (2014). Blood donation fears inventory: Development and validation of a measure of fear specific to the blood donation setting. Transfusion and Apheresis Science: Official Journal of the World Apheresis Association: Official Journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis, 51(2), 146–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2014.07.007

Li, Z., Lei, S., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Dai, Y., Jin, S., Fu, Q., Cai, X., Lin, Z., & Tu, X. (2021). Blood Donation Fear, Perceived Rewards, Self-Efficacy, and Intention to Return Among Whole Blood Donors in China: A Social Cognitive Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 683709. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.683709

Madrona, D. P., Herrera, M. D. F., Jiménez, D. P., Giraldo, S. G., & Campos, R. R. (2014). Women as whole blood donors: Offers, donations and deferrals in the province of Huelva, south-western Spain. Blood Transfusion, 12(Suppl 1), s11–s20. https://doi.org/10.2450/2012.0117-12

Masser, B. M., White, K. M., & Terry, D. J. (2013). Beliefs underlying the intention to donate again among first-time blood donors who experience a mild adverse event. Transfusion and Apheresis Science: Official Journal of the World Apheresis Association: Official Journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis, 49(2), 278–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2013.06.008

Merz, E.-M., Ferguson, E., & van Dongen, A. (2018). Psychosocial characteristics of blood donors influence their voluntary nonmedical lapse. Transfusion, 58(11), 2596–2603. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.14891

Moloney, G., Hayman, J., Gamble, M., Smith, G., & Hall, R. (2017). Translation strategies, contradiction, and the theory of social representations: Why discussing needles may improve blood donor retention. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 56(2), 393–415. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12187

Muñoz, Ã., López, M., & Vieitez, J. (2018). Self-efficacy and anxiety in female hospital healthcare workers. Ansiedad y Estrés, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anyes.2018.08.002

Newman, B. H. (2014). Management of Young Blood Donors. Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy, 41(4), 284–295. https://doi.org/10.1159/000364849

Park, D., Lee, H.-J., & Lee, S.-H. (2018). Generalization of Conscious Fear Is Positively Correlated with Anxiety, but Not with Depression. Experimental Neurobiology, 27(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.5607/en.2018.27.1.34

PMI Kota Yogyakarta. (2021). Pencari Pelestasi Donor Darah Sukarela UTD PMI Kota Yogyakarta. PMI Kota Yogyakarta.

Pourfathollah, A. A., Hosseini Divkolaye, N. S., & Seighali, F. (2015). Four decades of National Blood Service in Iran: Outreach, prospect and challenges. Transfusion Medicine (Oxford, England), 25(3), 138–143. https://doi.org/10.1111/tme.12214

Qudsyi, H., & Putri, M. I. (2016). Self-efficacy and Anxiety of National Examination among High School Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 217, 268–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.02.082

Ramdan, I. M. (2019). Reliability and Validity Test of the Indonesian Version of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) to Measure Work-related Stress in Nursing. Jurnal Ners, 14(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v14i1.10673

Renzaho, A., Polonsky, M., McQuilten, Z., & Waters, N. (2013). Demographic and socio-cultural correlates of medical mistrust in two Australian States: Victoria and South Australia. Health & Place, 24, 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.09.010

Saha, S., & Chandra, B. (2016). Influence of Age and Education on Blood Donation: A Qualitative Research. Studies on Ethno-Medicine, 10(4), 425–435. https://doi.org/10.1080/09735070.2016.11905515

Stock, B., & Möckel, L. (2021). Characterization of blood donors and non-blood donors in Germany using an online survey. Health and Technology, 11(3), 595–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-021-00532-y

Studte, S., Clement, M., Soliman, M., & Boenigk, S. (2019). Blood donors and their changing engagement in other prosocial behaviors. Transfusion, 59(3), 1002–1015. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15085

Taylor, C. E., Witter, T., El Sayed, K., Hissen, S. L., Johnson, A. W., & Macefield, V. G. (2015). Relationship between spontaneous sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in healthy young individuals. Physiological Reports, 3(11), e12536. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12536

van Dongen, A. (2015). Easy come, easy go. Retention of blood donors. Transfusion Medicine (Oxford, England), 25(4), 227–233. https://doi.org/10.1111/tme.12249

van Dongen, A., Abraham, C., Ruiter, R. A. C., & Veldhuizen, I. J. T. (2013). The influence of adverse reactions, subjective distress, and anxiety on retention of first-time blood donors. Transfusion, 53(2), 337–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03810.x

Wang, H.-H., Chen, P.-M., Lin, C.-L., Jau, R.-C., Hsiao, S.-M., & Ko, J.-L. (2019). Joint effects of risk factors on adverse events associated with adult blood donations. Medicine, 98(44), e17758. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000017758

World Health Organization. (2017). The 2016 global status report on blood safety and availability. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254987

Yaxin, H. (2019). Study on influential factors of anxiety of unpaid blood donors and nursing interventions. Nursing of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 5(8), 88–90. https://doi.org/10.11997/nitcwm.201908024

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2022-09-17

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): September

Section

Original Research Paper

License

With the receipt of the article by the Journal of Health Studies Editorial Board and the decision to be published, then the copyright regarding the article will be diverted to Journal of Health Studies. Universitas 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta as the publisher of Journal of Health Studies hold the copyright regarding all the published articles in this journal.

Journal of Health Studies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

SHARE THIS