Macronutrients Adequacy and Body Fat Percentage among Adolescent Football Athletes

Dittasari Putriana; Aurelia Nanda Astutiningrum; Kurnia Mar'atus Solichah

doi:10.31101/jhes.4366

Authors

Dittasari Putriana Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta
Aurelia Nanda Astutiningrum Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta
Kurnia Mar'atus Solichah Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31101/jhes.4366
Abstract views 15 times

Keywords:

adolescent, athlete, body fat percentage, football, macro nutrients

Abstract

Excess body fat percentage in athlete can affect cardiovascular endurance, body composition, muscle endurance, muscle strength, and flexibility when they was performed. It also, when athletes with a low body fat percentage will have a higher risk of injury. Body fat percentage can be influenced by the adequacy level of macro nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats). This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the adequacy level of macro nutrients and body fat percentage of adolescent football athletes at the PSS Development Center. This study was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional study design. The sample of this study was 33 adolescent soccer athletes at the PSS Development Center who selected using a purposive sampling technique. The adequacy level of macro nutrient was obtained by a 1x24-hour recall interview method for 2 non-consecutive days. Body fat percentage was measured using a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) scale. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson Product Moment test with a p-value <0.05. The mean adequacy level of carbohydrate, protein, and fat were 70.26%±21.43; 79.66%±23.32 and 84.97%±24.56, respectively. The mean body fat percentage of adolescent athletes was 13.74%±3.61. This study found no correlation between the adequacy level of protein and fat intake with body fat percentage in adolescent football athletes (p=0.0781 and p=0.0783). However, a significant correlation was found between the adequacy level of carbohydrate and body fat percentage in adolescent football athletes (p=0.0042).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amrinanto, A.H., (2016). Analisis Perbedaan Status Gizi, Persen Lemak Tubuh, dan Massa Otot Atlet di SMP/SMA Negeri Olahraga Ragunan Jakarta. Skripsi. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Ananda, H.M., Lubis, I.A., Arianti, N., (2022). Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Daya Tahan Otot pada Atlet Sepak Bola di PS Keluarga Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU). Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan-Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sumatra Utara, 21(1), 62-71.

Andriyani, N., (2017). Asupan Karbohidrat dan Serat Berhubungan dengan Lemak Tubuh Remaja SMPN 16 Jakarta. Nutrire Diaita, 9(2), 67-72.

Anggitasari, E.D., Dieny, F.F., Candra, A., (2019). Hubungan Somatotype dengan Kesegaran Jasmani Atlet Sepak Bola. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 7(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v7i1.21188

Anwar, D.N., Kuswari, M., Wahyuni, Y., (2016). Hubungan Asupan Zat Gizi Makro dan Serat dengan Persen Lemak Tubuh pada Atlet Softball di Koni Banten Tahun 2016. Skripsi. Jakarta: Universitas Esa Unggul.

Brown, K. A., Patel, D. R., & Darmawan, D. (2017). Participation in sports in

relation to adolescent growth and development. Translational Pediatrics,

6(3), 150–159. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2017.04.03

Chandel, N.S., (2021). Carbohydrate Metabolism. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021;13:a040568. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040568.

DeBruyne, L.K., Pinna, K., Whitney, E.N., (2016). Nutrition & Diet Therapy, Ninth Edition. ed. Boston : Cengage Learning.

Esco, M. R., Fedewa, M. V., Cicone, Z. S., Sinelnikov, O. A., Sekulic, D., & Holmes, C. J. (2018). Field-Based Performance Tests Are Related to Body Fat Percentage and Fat-Free Mass, But Not Body Mass Index, in Youth Soccer Players. Sports, 6(4), 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040105

Fink, H.H., Mikesky, A.E., (2015). Practical Applications in Sports Nutrition, 4th ed. ed. Burlington : Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Hariyanto, A., Siantoro, G., Sholikhah, A., Mustar, Y., Ilhamuddin, M., Rusdiawan, A., & Fajar, M. (2022). Associations between Macronutrient Intake and Body Composition of Female Adolescent Athletes and Their Fitness Levels. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 7(1), 9-16. doi:https://doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v7i1.44497

He, Y., Wang, B., Wen, L., Wang, F., Yu, H., Chen, D., … Zhang, C. (2022). Effects of dietary fiber on human health. Food Science and Human Wellness, 11(1), 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.001

Kemenkes RI. (2021). Panduan Pendampingan Gizi pada Atlet. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.

Kemper, G.L.J., Sluis A.V.D., Brink M.S, Visscher C., Frencken W.G.P., Elfrink-Gemser M.T. (2015). Anthropometric Injury Risk Factors in Elite-Standard Youth Soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(13), 1112-1117.

Kerksick, C. M. (2019). Requirements of Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats for Athletes. Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance, 443–459. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813922-6.00038-2

Kuswari, M., Gifari, N., Putra, S.M., Himarwan, A., No, R., Senen, K., (2021). Hubungan Antara Asupan Zat Gizi Makro dengan Persentase Lemak Tubuh pada Atlet Sepak Bola Profesional. Jurnal Pangan Kesehatan dan Gizi. 1(2), 70-77

Macuh, M., Levec, J., Kojić, N., & Knap, B. (2023). Dietary Intake, Body Composition and Performance of Professional Football Athletes in Slovenia. Nutrients, 15(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010082

Mardiana, Al Amien TN and Amaliana R. (2022). Food Intake, Percent Body Fat, and Nutritional Status at Football Academy in Pati Regency. Proceedings of the 6th International Seminar on Public Health and Education, ISPHE 2022, 29 June 2022.

Mardiana, Fauzi, N., Khofifah, N., Pusparini, D., (2021). Hubungan Tingkat Kecukupan Energi dan Zat Gizi terhadap Rasio Ligkar Pinggang dengan Tinggi Badan (WTHR) dan persen Lemak Tubuh Atlet Sepak Bola PPLP Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Vol. 1, No. 01, hal 60-68.

Maulida, F., Hanum, F.N., Arta, R.D., (2023). Hubungan Asupan Zat Gizi Makro terhadap Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani Atlet di UPTD Kebakatan Olahraga Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan Indonesia. 3(4), 169-174

Moon J and Koh G. (2020). Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms of High-Protein Diet-Induced Weight Loss. J Obes Metab Syndr;29(3):166-173. doi: 10.7570/jomes20028.

Mostafafi Z and Sulandjari Siti. (2021). Hubungan Kecukupan Zat Gizi Makro Dengan Persentase Lemak Pada Atlet Klasifikasi Olahraga Berat. Jurnal Gizi Universitas Surabaya, 672-679.

Muthmainnah, I., Ab, I., Prabowo, S., (2019). Hubungan Asupan Energi dan Zat Gizi Makro (Protein, Karbohidrat, Lemak) dengan Kebugaran (VO2Max) pada Atlet Remaja di Sekolah Sepak Bola (SSB) Harbi. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Mulawarman. 1: 24. https://doi.org/10.30872/jkmm.v1i1.2525

Novitayana, Ihsan Fadhielah. (2017). Hubungan Antara Asupan Gizi, Latihan dan Pengetahuan Gizi dengan Status Gizi Atlet Sepakbola. Skripsi. Jakarta: Politeknik Kesehatan Jakarta.

Nurhasanah, A., (2018). Pengaruh Jus Jambu Biji Merah (Psidium Guajava) terhadap Persen Lemak Tubuh dan Kadar Kolesterol Pada WUS di Desa Ngaru-Aru Boyolali. Thesis. sURAKARTA: STIKES PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Penggalih, M.H.S.T., Dewinta, M.C.N., Solichah, K.M., Pratiwi, D., Niamilah, I., Nadia, A., Kusumawati, M.D., (2019). Identifikasi Status Gizi, Somatotipe, Asupan Makan dan Cairan pada Atlet Atletik Remaja di Indonesia. Journal of Community Empowerment for Health, 1(2), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.38410

Rahmah, Z., Dwiyanti, D., Mourbas, I., Yuniritha, E., Kasmiyetti, (2020). Hubungan Somatotype dan Asupan Gizi Makro dengan Kebugaran Jasmani Atlet. Jurnal Gizi, 9(2), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.26714/jg.9.2.2020.

Purwaningtyas, D. R., Wulansari, N. D., Gifari, N. (2021). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Daya Tahan Otot Quadriceps Atlet Taekwondo Kyorugi Remaja DKI Jakarta. Journal of Sport Sciences and Fitness, 7(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.15294/jssf.v7i1.44677.

Sepriadi. (2019). Pembinaan Kebugaran Jasmani: Sebagai Suatu Pengantar. Depok: RajaGrafindo Persada.

Sholichah, F., Aqnah, Y.I., Sari, C.R., (2021). Asupan Energi Dan Zat Gizi Makro Terhadap Persen Lemak Tubuh. Jurnal Ilmiah Gizi dan Kesehatan 2(2), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.46772/jigk.v2i02.452.

Slaidins K and Fernate A. (2021). Analysis On Classification Of Football Technique. SOCIETY INTEGRATION EDUCATION Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4:456-467. DOI:10.17770/sie2021vol4.6439

Singh, P., Kesharwani, R. K., & Keservani, R. K. (2017). Protein, Carbohydrates, and Fats. Sustained Energy for Enhanced Human Functions and Activity, 103–115. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805413-0.00006-5

Sukmajati, R. (2015). Hubungan Asupan Zat Gizi Mikro dengan Komposisi Lemak Tubuh Dengan Tingkat Kebugaran Mahasiswa di UKM Sepakbola UNY. Skripsi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Sunjaya, Dicky Wahyudi. (2022). Gambaran IMT, Persentase Lemak Tubuh dengan Bioelectrical Impedence Analysis (BIA), VO₂ Max pada Atlet Remaja Sepakbola di Desa Negara Ratu Kecamatan Natar Kabupaten Lampung Selatan Tahun 2022. Diploma thesis, Poltekkes Tanjungkarang.

Widowati, A., (2015). Modal Sosial Budaya dan Kondisi Lingkungan Sehat Dalam Pembinaan Prestasi Olahraga Pelajar. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 10(2), 218-226.

Widyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi (WNPG). (2012). Pemantapan Ketahanan Pangan dan Perbaikan Gizi Berbasis Kemandirian dan Kearifan Lokal. Prosiding. Jakarta: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia.

Wijaya, Oei Gracia Michelle. (2022). Identifikasi Pengetahuan Gizi, Persepsi Gizi dan Perilaku Makan Atlet Remaja Sepak Bola PSIS Semarang. Thesis, UNIKA Soegijapranata Semarang.

Williamson, E., Kato, H., Volterman, K. A., Suzuki, K., & Moore, D. R. (2019). The effect of dietary protein on protein metabolism and performance in endurance-trained males. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 51(2), 352-60.