PENGKONDISIAN TERMAL PADA BANGUNAN SEKOLAH DI INDONESIA

Penulis

  • Luhur Sapto Pamungkas Lecture at UTY Yogyakarta Student at Program Doktor Arsitektur UGM, Indonesia
  • Jatmika Adi Suryabrata Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gajah Mada, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31101/juara.v3i2.1308

Kata Kunci:

Bangunan Sekolah, Pengkondisian Termal, Sensasi Termal

Abstrak

Penelitian ini adalah sebuah pengkajian literatur berdasarkan sejumlah penelitian empiris tentang kondisi termal bangunan sekolah SD, SMP, dan SMU khususnya di Indonesia. Bangunan sekolah di daerah iklim tropis secara umum tidak di desain secara khusus untuk memperoleh kenyamanan termal. Bangunan sekolah sejauh ini hanya difokuskan pada asas pemenuhan kebutuhan fungsional saja meskipun kenyamanan termal sangat dibutuhkan oleh siswa. Rata-rata siswa sekolah pada daerah beriklim tropis memiliki toleransi yang tinggi terhadap termal antara 1ºC hingga 12ºC atau berada di atas ukuran termal standar (24ºC - 26ºC). Namun demikian, sebagian besar siswa tetap menyatakan sensasi termal yang panas dan tetap mengharapkan suhu ruang dapat diturunkan. Untuk itu bangunan sekolah tentu diperlukan strategi pengendalian termal yang juga akan didiskuiskan dalam makalah ini.

Referensi

Aienna, Adyatma, S., & Arisanty, D. (2016). Kenyamanan Termal Ruang Kelas di Sekolah Tingkat SMA Banjarmasin Timur. Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi (JPG), 3(3), 1-12.

Appah, D. J., & Koranteng, C. (2012). A Thermal Comfort Evaluation Of A Junior High School Building In Accra, Ghana. Journal of Construction Project Management and Innovation (JCPMI), 2(2), 403 - 423.

Auliciems, A. (1972). Classroom Performance as a Function of Thermal Comfort. Int. J. Biometeor, 16(3), 233-246

Auliciems, A. (1981). Towards a Psycho-Physiological Model of Thermal Perception. Int. J. Biometeor, 15(2), 109-122.

Brager, G. S., & Dear, R. d. (2000). A Standard for Natural Ventilation. ASHRAE Journal.

Dear, R. J. d., & Brager, G. S. (2002). Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings: revisions to ASHRAE Standard 55. Energy and Buildings, 34, 549–561. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00005-1

DespoinaTeli, James, P. A. B., & Jentsch, M. F. (2013). Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated primary school classrooms. Building Research & Information, 41 (3), 301–316. doi:ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2013.773493

Emir, S. (2016). The Evaluation of Thermal Comfort on Primary Schools in Hot-Humid Climates: A Case Study for Antalya. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(1), 53-62. doi:10.14207/ejsd.2016.v5n1p53

Fanger, P. O. (1982). Thermal Comfort Malabar, Florida: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company

Frick, H. (1997). Pola struktural dan teknik bangunan di Indonesia : suatu pendekatan arsitektur Indonesia melalui pattern language secara konstruktif dengan contoh arsitektur Jawa Tengah. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.

Gunawan, & Ananda, F. (2017). Aspek Kenyamanan Termal Ruang Belajar Gedung Sekolah Menengah Umum Di Wilayah Kecamatan Mandau. JURNAL INOVTEKPOLBENG, 7(2).

Gupta, G., Buddi, D., Kumar, S., singh, H. k., Ansari, A., & Sharma, V. (2016). Thermal comfort assessment for naturally ventilated classrooms during summer in composite climate of Jaipur. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 4 (12).

Hamzah, B., Mulyadi, R., & Amin, S. (2016). Analisis Kenyamanan Termal Ruang Kelas Sekolah Dasar di Kota Makassar Studi Kasus SD Unggulan Toddopuli. Paper presented at the Temu Ilmiah IPLBI 2016.

Hamzah, B., Mulyadi, R., & Amin, S. (2017). Thermal Comfort Analyses of Elementary School Students in the Tropical Region. Paper presented at the Back to the Future: The Next 50 Years, (51st International Conference of the Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA))

Humphreys, M. A., & Nicol, J. F. (2002). The validity of ISO-PMV for predicting comfort votes in every-day thermal environments Energy and Buildings, 34, 667±684 doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00018-X

Humpreys, M. A. (1977). A Study of the Thermal Comfort of Primary School Children in Summer. Building and Environment, 12, 231 239

Idham, N. C. (2016). Arsitektur dan Kenyamanan Termal Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi

Kamaruzzaman, K., & Tazilan, A. S. B. M. (2013). Thermal Comfort Assessment of a Classroom in Tropical Climate Conditions. Recent Advances in Energy, Environment and Development.

Karyono, T. H. (1986). Arsitektur, Kenyamanan Termal dan Energi. Paper presented at the Kuliah Terbuka Jurusan Arsitektur, Universitas Soegrijapranata, Semarang, 9 Nopember 1996, Semarang.

Karyono, T. H. (2016). Arsitektur Tropis Bentuk Teknologi Kenyamanan dan Penggunaan Energi. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Karyono, T. H., Sri, E., Sulistiawan, J. G., & Triswanti, Y. (2015). Thermal Comfort Studies in Naturally Ventilated Buildings in Jakarta, Indonesia. Buildings, 5, 917-932. doi:10.3390/buildings5030917

Latif, S., Rahim, R., & Hamzah, B. (2016). Analisis Kenyamanan Termal Siswadi Dalam Ruang Kelas (Studi Kasus Sd Inpres Tamalanrea IV Makassar). Paper presented at the Simposium Nasional RAPI XV– 2016 FT UMS, Solo Surakarta.

Le, T. H. V., Gillott, M., & Rodrigues, L. (2017). Children thermal comfort in primary schools in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. Paper presented at the PLEA 2017 Edinburg Design to Thrive.

Nicol, F., & Humphreys, M. (2002). Adaptive Thermal Comfort and Sustainable Thermal Standards for Buildings. Energy and Buildings. doi:10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00006-3

Oktavia, R. A. A., Arisanty, D., & Adyatma, S. (2016). Kenyamanan Termal Ruang Kelas Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Banjarmasin Utara. Journal Pendidikan Geografi (JPG), 3(3). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jpg.v3i3.1500

Porras-Salazar, J. A., Wyon, D. P., Piderit-Moreno, B., Contreras-Espinoza, S., & Wargocki, P. (2018). Reducing classroom temperature in a tropical climate improved the thermal comfort and the performance of elementary school pupils. Indoor Air, 28(6), 892-904. doi:10.1111/ina.12501

Priya, G., & Kaja, N. (2016). Significance of Air Movement for Thermal Comfort in Educational Buildings, Case Study of a Classroom. International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(3). doi:10.17148/IARJSET.2016.3321

Rachmad, A., & Amin, Z. (2017). Studi Penghawaan Alami Pada Bangunan Sekolah Dasar Di Pinggiran Sungai Musi Palembang. Jurnal Arsir Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang, 1(2).

Rahmawati, E. (2013). Kinerja Kenyamanan Termal Ruang Kelas Pada Bangunan Kolonial Hoogere Burger School (HBS) Bandung. (Bachelor). Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung.

Rajkumar, S., Amirtham, L. R., & Horrison, E. (2015). Thermal Comfort assessment of a Studio Classroom in Hot & Humid Climate Conditions. Paper presented at the ICUC9 - 9th International Conference on Urban Climate jointly with 12th Symposium on the Urban Environment.

Razak, H., Gandarum, D. N., & Juwana, J. S. (2015). Pengaruh Karakteristik Ventilasi Dan Lingkungan Terhadap Tingkat Kenyamanan Termal Ruang Kelas Smpn Di Jakarta Selatan. AGORA, Jurnal Arsitektur, 15(2).

Ridho, M. R. (2015). Kajian Kenyamanan Termal Ruang Gambar Paket Keahlian Teknik Gambar Bangunan SMK Negeri 2 Pengasih. (Bachelor). Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Yogyakarta.

Singh, M. K., Ooka, R., & Rijal, H. B. (2018). Thermal comfort in Classrooms: A critical review. Paper presented at the 10th Windsor Conference Rethinking Comfort , 12th-15th April 2018, Cumberland Lodge, Windsor, UK.

Sugini. (2012). The Index Of PMV Tap Reformulation Of Thermal Comfort Index Model Base On Thermo-Adaptive-Psychological Paradigm. International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS, 12(6).

Susanti, L., & Aulia, N. (2013). Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Ruang Sekolah SMA Negeri Di Kota Padang. Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri, 12(1), 310-316.

Talarosha, B. (2005). Menciptakan Kenyamanan Thermal Dalam Bangunan. Jurnal Sistem Teknik Industri, 6(6).

Tayeb, M., Rahim, R., & Baharuddin. (2016). Pengaruh Luasan Bukaan Terhadap Kenyamanan Termal Ruang Kelas Siswa Pada Bangunan Sd Negeri Sudirman 1 Kota Makassar. Paper presented at the Simposium Nasional RAPI XV– 2016 FT UMS

Teli, D., Jentsch, M. F., & James, P. A. B. (2012). Naturally ventilated classrooms: An assessment of existing comfort models for predicting the thermal sensation and preference of primary school children. Energy and Buildings, 53, 166–182. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.06.022

Teli, D., Jentsch, M. F., & James, P. A. B. (2014). The role of a building’s thermal properties on pupils’ thermal comfort in junior school classrooms as determined in field studies Building and Environment. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.10.005

Wong, N. H., & Khoo, S. S. (2003). Thermal comfort in classrooms in the tropics. Energy and Buildings, 35, 337–351.

Yunita, A., Hamzah, B., & Mulyadi, R. (2018). Kenyamanan Termal Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri di Wilayah Pesisir, Dataran Rendah dan Pegunungan di Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan. Jurnal JPE UNHAS, 22(2). doi:10.25042/jpe.112018.03

(https://www.archdaily.com/470704/desa-mahkota-school-eleena-jamil-architect?ad_medium=gallery)

https://www.bmkg.go.id/, B. (2020). Tren Suhu. Retrieved from https://www.bmkg.go.id/iklim/?p=tren-suhu

http://www.2030palette.org/stack-ventilation/;

http://www.2030palette.org/night-vent-cooling/

Unduhan

Diterbitkan

2020-09-02

Cara Mengutip

Pamungkas, L. S., & Suryabrata, J. A. (2020). PENGKONDISIAN TERMAL PADA BANGUNAN SEKOLAH DI INDONESIA. Jurnal Arsitektur Dan Perencanaan (JUARA), 3(2), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.31101/juara.v3i2.1308

Terbitan

Vol 3 No 2 (2020): September (Jurnal Arsitektur dan Perencanaan)

Bagian

architecture

Citation Check

Lisensi

With the receipt of the article by the JUARA and the decision to be published, then the copyright regarding the article will be diverted to Journal of JUARA. Universitas 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta as the publisher of Journal of JUARA hold the copyright regarding all the published articles in this journal.

Journal of Health Studies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.