Risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder post partum: a scoping review

Sitti Kutria; Rosmita Nuzuliana; Nurul Kurniati

doi:10.31101/ijhst.v3i2.1968

Authors

Sitti Kutria Universitas 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta
Rosmita Nuzuliana Universitas 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta
Nurul Kurniati Universitas 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31101/ijhst.v3i2.1968
Abstract views 665 times

Keywords:

risk factor, post-traumatic stress disorder, postpartum

Abstract

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition after giving birth, the situation is the main cause result in psychological stress which is characterized to hallucinate, memory disturbances, avoidance, and excessive alertness. This study, identify scientific and clinical views of the results of previous studies, to provide a baseline in identifying the factors that cause traumatic events after childbirth. The method used is a scoping review which consists of 5 stages, namely: focus review, conducting a literature search, determining several relevant studies, conducting critical assessments, tracing various data, analyzing and reporting results. PRISMA flowchart (Optional Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-analysis) was used in the literature search. 12 selected literature and graded (A). The results showed that there are several factors that cause symptoms of PTSD after childbirth including cesarean delivery, service by health workers, previous experience of childbirth history and women having a history of psychosocial disorders.

References

Abdollahpour, S., & Khadivzadeh, T. (2019). Prevalence of Traumatic Childbirth and Post-traumatic Stress After Delivery in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Cancer Research, 4(3), 86â€“92. https://doi.org/10.30699/jogcr.4.3.86

Adams, S. S., Eberhard-Gran, M., & Eskild, A. (2012). Fear of childbirth and duration of labour: A study of 2206 women with intended vaginal delivery. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 119(10), 1238â€“1246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03433.x

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5 th ed.). (2013). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4 th ed., text rev.). (2000). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed.

Andersen, L. B., Melvaer, L. B., Videbech, P., Lamont, R. F., & Joergensen, J. S. (2012). Risk factors for developing post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: A systematic review. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 91(11), 1261â€“1272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01476.x

Arksey, H., & Oâ€™Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice, 8(1), 19â€“32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616.

Ayers, S., Eagle, A., & Waring, H. (2006). The effects of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder on women and their relationships: A qualitative study. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 11(4), 389â€“398. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548500600708409

Baas, M. A. M., Stramrood, C. A. I., Dijksman, L. M., de Jongh, A., & van Pampus, M. G. (2017). The optiMUM-study: EMDR therapy in pregnant women with posttraumatic stress disorder after previous childbirth and pregnant women with fear of childbirth: Design of a multicentre randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2017.1293315

Bauer, A., Parsonage, M., Knapp, M., Iemmi, V., Adelaja, B., & Hogg, S. (n.d.). The costs of perinatal mental health problems.

Beck, C. T. (2011). Revealing the subtle differences in postpartum mood and anxiety disorders: phenomenology holds the key. In: Thomson, G., Dykes, F., Downe, S. (Eds.), Qualitative Research in Midwifery and Childbirth: Phenomenological Approaches. Routledge, London, pp. 193.

Boorman, R. J., Devilly, G. J., Gamble, J., Creedy, D. K., & Fenwick, J. (2014). Childbirth and criteria for traumatic events. Midwifery, 30(2), 255â€“261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.03.001

Bydlowski M, R.-D. A. (1978). Un avatar psychique mÃ©connu de la puerperalitÃ©: la nÃ©vrose traumatique post obstÃ©tricale. Perspectives Psychiatriques 4: 321-328.

Dikmen-yildiz, P., Ayers, S., & Phillips, L. (2017). Journal of A ff ective Disorders Factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms ( PTSS ) 4 â€“ 6 weeks and 6 months after birth : A longitudinal population-based study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 221(June), 238â€“245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.049

Dikmen-Yildiz, P., Ayers, S., & Phillips, L. (2018). Longitudinal trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after birth and associated risk factors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 229(January), 377â€“385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.074

Fuglenes, D., Aas, E., Botten, G., Ã˜ian, P., & Kristiansen, I. S. (2011). Why do some pregnant women prefer cesarean? the influence of parity, delivery experiences, and fear. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 205(1), 45.e1-45.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2011.03.043

Furuta, M., Sandall, J., Cooper, D., & Bick, D. (2016). Predictors of birth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms: secondary analysis of a cohort study. Archives of Womenâ€™s Mental Health, 19(6), 987â€“999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-016-0639-z

Garthus-Niegel, S., Ayers, S., Von Soest, T., Torgersen, L., & Eberhard-Gran, M. (2015). Maintaining factors of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth: A population-based, two-year follow-up study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 172, 146â€“152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.003

GÃ¶kÃ§e Ä°sbÄ°r, G., Ä°ncÄ°, F., BektaÅŸ, M., Dikmen YÄ±ldÄ±z, P., & Ayers, S. (2016). Risk factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth in Turkey. Midwifery, 41, 96â€“103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2016.07.016

Gottvall, K., & WaldenstrÃ¶m, U. (2002). Does a traumatic birth experience have an impact on future reproduction? BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 109(3), 254â€“260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01200.x

Greenfield, M., Jomeen, J., & Glover, L. (2019). â€œIt canâ€™t be like last timeâ€ - Choices made in early pregnancy by women who have previously experienced a traumatic birth. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(JAN), 1â€“13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00056

Grekin, R., & Oâ€™Hara, M. W. (2014). Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(5), 389â€“401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.05.003

Haagen, J. F. G., Moerbeek, M., Olde, E., Van Der Hart, O., & Kleber, R. J. (2015). PTSD after childbirth: A predictive ethological model for symptom development. Journal of Affective Disorders, 185, 135â€“143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.049

Hawker, S., Payne, S., Kerr, C., Hardey, M., & Powell, J. (2002). Appraising the evidence: Reviewing disparate data systematically. Qualitative Health Research, 12(9), 1284â€“1299. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732302238251

HernÃ¡ndez-MartÃnez, A., RodrÃguez-Almagro, J., Molina-AlarcÃ³n, M., Infante-Torres, N., Donate Manzanares, M., & MartÃnez-Galiano, J. M. (2019). Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: Associated perinatal factors and quality of life. Journal of Affective Disorders, 249(December 2018), 143â€“150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.042

Levac, D., Colquhoun, H., & Oâ€™Brien, K. K. (2010). Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implementation Science, 5(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-5-69

Lopez, U., Meyer, M., Loures, V., Iselin-Chaves, I., Epiney, M., Kern, C., & Haller, G. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder in parturients delivering by caesarean section and the implication of anaesthesia: A prospective cohort study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 15(1), 1â€“13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-017-0692-y

McKenzie-McHarg, K., Ayers, S., Ford, E., Horsch, A., Jomeen, J., Sawyer, A., â€¦ Slade, P. (2015). Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: an update of current issues and recommendations for future research. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 33(3), 219â€“237. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2015.1031646

Modarres, M., Afrasiabi, S., Rahnama, P., & Montazeri, A. (2012). Prevalence and risk factors of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-12-88

Olde, E., Van Der Hart, O., Kleber, R., & Van Son, M. (2006). Posttraumatic stress following childbirth: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 1â€“16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.002

Organization, W. H. (2012). Intervention for common perinatal disordes in women in low - and middle - income countries: a systematic review and meta -analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91, 593 -601. doi:10.2471/BLT.12.109819.

Polachek, I. S., Harari, L. H., Baum, M., & Strous, R. D. (2012). Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms : The Uninvited Birth Companion. 14(june), 347â€“352.

RC, K. (2000). Posttraumatic stress disorder: the burden to the individual and to society. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(Suppl 5):4â€“12. Discussion 3-4.

Ryding, E. L., Lukasse, M., Parys, A. Van, Wangel, A., Karro, H., & Kristjansdottir, H. (2015). Fear of Childbirth and Risk of Cesarean Delivery : A Cohort Study in Six European Countries. (204292), 48â€“56.

Seng, J. S., Low, L. K., Sperlich, M., Ronis, D. L., & Liberzon, I. (2011). Post-traumatic stress disorder, child abuse history, birthweight and gestational age: A prospective cohort study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 118(11), 1329â€“1339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03071.x

SÃ¶derquist, J., Wijma, K., & Wijma, B. (2002). Traumatic stress after childbirth: The role of obstetric variables. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 23(1), 31â€“39. https://doi.org/10.3109/01674820209093413

StÃ¸rksen, H. T., Garthus-Niegel, S., Adams, S. S., Vangen, S., & Eberhard-Gran, M. (2015). Fear of childbirth and elective caesarean section: A population-based study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 15(1), 1â€“10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0655-4

van Der Kolk, B., Ford, J. D., & Spinazzola, J. (2019). Comorbidity of developmental trauma disorder (DTD) and post-traumatic stress disorder: findings from the DTD field trial. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1562841

Vesel, Jane; Nickasch, B. (2015). An Evidence Review and Model for Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Nursing for Womenâ€™s Health, 19(6), 504â€“525. Doi:10.1111/1751-486X.12234.

WHO.,(2012). Intervention for common perinatal disordes in women in low - and middle - income countries: a systematic review and meta -analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91, 593 -601. doi:10.2471/BLT.12.109819.

Yonkers, K. A., Smith, M. V., Forray, A., Epperson, C. N., Costello, D., Lin, H., & Belanger, K. (2014). Pregnant women with posttraumatic stress disorder and risk of preterm birth. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(8), 897â€“904. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.558