Tinjauan sistematis: efektivitas latihan fisik terhadap kepercayaan diri dan citra tubuh perempuan

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31101/jitu.4689
Abstract views 0 times

Keywords:

citra tubuh, kepercayaan diri, kesehatan psikologis, latihan fisik, perempuan

Abstract

Penurunan kepercayaan diri dan citra tubuh pada perempuan merupakan masalah psikososial yang dipengaruhi oleh tekanan standar kecantikan, perbandingan sosial, serta perubahan fisik sepanjang siklus kehidupan. Kondisi ini dapat menimbulkan persepsi tubuh negatif dan berkaitan dengan meningkatnya stres psikologis, gangguan makan, depresi, serta penurunan kualitas hidup. Latihan fisik dilaporkan berpotensi sebagai intervensi efektif karena mampu meningkatkan kebugaran, memperbaiki regulasi suasana hati, serta membentuk persepsi tubuh yang lebih positif. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi efektivitas berbagai jenis latihan fisik dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri dan citra tubuh perempuan. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui basis data Scopus dan Crossref, pada rentang tahun 2010-2025 menggunakan pedoman PRISMA sehingga diperoleh 11 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Protokol SLR ini telah didaftarkan pada PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews). Kualitas metodologis dinilai menggunakan instrumen Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), dan data dianalisis melalui sintesis naratif. Sintesis menunjukkan bahwa berbagai bentuk latihan fisik, termasuk latihan aerobik, kekuatan, mind-body, ritmis, latihan ringan, peregangan, serta program gabungan, secara konsisten berdampak positif terhadap kepercayaan diri, citra tubuh, dan kepuasan tubuh, serta menurunkan kecemasan terkait penampilan. Efek ini dimediasi oleh peningkatan kompetensi gerak, kesadaran tubuh, dukungan sosial, dan mekanisme neurokimia. Pola latihan paling efektif meliputi frekuensi 2-4 kali per minggu, durasi 30-60 menit per sesi, intensitas ringan hingga sedang, serta program selama 8-12 minggu. Keterbatasan jumlah studi dan heterogenitas desain berpotensi membatasi generalisasi temuan. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa latihan fisik merupakan intervensi berbasis bukti yang efektif, adaptif, dan mudah diterapkan untuk mendukung peningkatan kepercayaan diri dan citra tubuh perempuan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akbar, B. M. B., Prawesti, D. R. D., & Perbani, W. S. A. (2024). Big picture mental health of Generation Z in the world. Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia, 4(1), 1-20.

Alleva, J. M., & Tylka, T. L. (2021). Body functionality: A review of the literature. Body Image, Volume 36, March 2021, Pages 149-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.11.006.

Babic, M.J., Morgan, P.J., Plotnikoff, R.C. Physical Activity and Physical Self-Concept in Youth: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 44, 1589–1601 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0229-z.

Bacalhau, S., Orange, L., Correia Junior, M. et al. Mindfulness-based interventions and their relationships with body image and eating behavior in adolescents: a scoping review. J Eat Disord 13, 77 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-025-01238-6.

Barker, T. H., Habibi, N., Aromataris, E., Stone, J. C., Leonardi-Bee, J., Sears, K., Hasanoff, S., Klugar, M., Tufanaru, C., Moola, S., & Munn, Z. (2024). The revised JBI critical appraisal tool for the assessment of risk of bias for quasi-experimental studies. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 22(3), 378–388. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-23-00268.

Barker, T. H., Stone, J. C., Sears, K., Klugar, M., Tufanaru, C., Leonardi-Bee, J., Aromataris, E., & Munn, Z. (2023). The revised JBI critical appraisal tool for the assessment of risk of bias for randomized controlled trials. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 21(3), 494–506. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-22-00430.

Bastug, G., Ozcan, R., Gultekin, D., & Gunay, O. (2016). The effects of CrossFit, Pilates and Zumba exercises on body composition and body image of women. International Journal of Sports, Exercise and Training Science, 2(1), 22–29.

Batrakoulis, A. (2022). Psychophysiological adaptations to Pilates training in overweight and obese individuals: A topical review. Diseases, 10, 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases10040071.

Bavli, O., & Koybasi, O. (2016). Investigation the effects of 6 weeks pilates exercises on biomotorical variables and kepercayaan diri scores of young women. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 18(1), 127–131. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.83415.

Bernal-Solano, M., Bolívar-Muñoz, J., Mateo-Rodríguez, I., Robles-Ortega, H., Fernández-Santaella, M. d. C., Mata-Martín, J. L., Vila-Castellar, J., & Daponte-Codina, A. (2019). Associations between Home Foreclosure and Health Outcomes in a Spanish City. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(6), 981. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060981.

Chiu, C.-H., Ko, M.-C., Wu, L.-S., Yeh, D.-P., Kan, N.-W., Lee, P.-F., Hsieh, J.-W., Tseng, C.-Y., & Ho, C.-C. (2017). Benefits of different intensity of aerobic exercise in modulating body composition among obese young adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 15, Article 168. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-017-0743-4.

Cruz-Díaz, D., Bergamin, M., Gobbo, S., Martínez-Amat, A., & Hita-Contreras, F. (2017). Comparative effects of 12 weeks of equipment-based and mat Pilates in patients with chronic low back pain on pain, function and transversus abdominis activation: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 33, 72–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.06.004.

Fioravanti, G., Bocci Benucci, S., Ceragioli, G. et al. How the Exposure to Beauty Ideals on Social Networking Sites Influences Body Image: A Systematic Review of Experimental Studies. Adolescent Res Rev 7, 419–458 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-022-00179-4.

Grajek, M., Gdańska, A., Krupa-Kotara, K., Głogowska-Ligus, J., & Kobza, J. (2022). Global kepercayaan diri, physical activity, and body composition changes following a 12-week dietary and physical activity intervention in older women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), 13220. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013220.

Hicks, R. E., Kenny, B., Stevenson, S., & Vanstone, D. M. (2022). Risk factors in body image dissatisfaction: Gender, maladaptive perfectionism, and psychological wellbeing. Heliyon, 8(9), e09745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09745.

Holland, G., & Tiggemann, M. (2016). A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes. Body Image, 17, 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.008.

Lacroix, E., Smith, A. J., Husain, I. A., Orth, U., & von Ranson, K. M. (2023). Normative body image development: A longitudinal meta-analysis of mean-level change. Body Image, Volume 45, June 2023, Pages 238-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.03.003.

Liu, X., Wei, X., Soh, K. G., Lu, Y., & Li, R. (2025). The effect of Latin dance on social physique anxiety in middle school girls: A pilot study. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1564558. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1564558.

Lizana-Calderón, P., Alvarado, J. M., Cruzat-Mandich, C., Díaz-Castrillón, F., & Soto-Núñez, M. (2024). Influence of Body Image, Risk of Eating Disorder, Psychological Characteristics, and Mood-Anxious Symptoms on Overweight and Obesity in Chilean Youth. Behavioral Sciences, 14(3), 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14030154.

Manaf, N. A., Saravanan, C., & Zuhrah, B. (2016). The prevalence and inter-relationship of negative body image perception, depression and susceptibility to eating disorders among female medical undergraduate students. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 10(3), VC01–VC04. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/16678.7341.

Mater, A., Clos, P., & Lepers, R. (2021). Effect of Cycling Cadence on Neuromuscular Function: A Systematic Review of Acute and Chronic Alterations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 7912. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157912.

Perry, J., Cuccolo, K., & Kramer, R. (2025). A mediational model on how yoga self-efficacy may improve eating disorder symptoms: the roles of mindfulness, self-compassion, and body appreciation. Eating disorders, 1–18. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2025.2551457.

Putri, R. A., et al. (2021). Body image dissatisfaction among Indonesian female adolescents. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2), 203–210.

Quittkat, Hartmann, Dusing, Buhlmann, & Vocks. (2019). Body dissatisfaction, importance of appearance, and body appreciation in men and women over the lifespan. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 864. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00864.

Raj, C. (2021). Effectiveness of Tai chi exercise on elderly depression and kepercayaan diri. The Nursing Journal of India, 112(5), 199–202.

Reed, K., Wood, C., Barton, J., Pretty, J. N., Cohen, D., & Sandercock, G. R. H. (2013). A repeated measures experiment of green exercise to improve self-esteem in UK school children. PLoS ONE, 8(7), e69176. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069176.

Ren, J., & Xiao, H. (2023). Exercise for Mental Well-Being: Exploring Neurobiological Advances and Intervention Effects in Depression. Life, 13(7), 1505. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13071505.

Riesco-González, F. J., Antúnez-Calvente, I., Vázquez-Lara, J. M., Rodríguez-Díaz, L., Palomo-Gómez, R., Gómez-Salgado, J., García-Iglesias, J. J., Parrón-Carreño, T., & Fernández-Carrasco, F. J. (2022). Body Image Dissatisfaction as a Risk Factor for Postpartum Depression. Medicina, 58(6), 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060752.

Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) (2018). Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian RI tahun 2018.

Rodgers, R. F., Laveway, K., Campos, P., & de Carvalho, P. H. B. (2023). Body image as a global mental health concern. Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health, 10, e9. doi:10.1017/gmh.2023.2.

Roelofs, Erica J.; Du Bose, Sarah R. (2018). Effects of 8-week physical education courses on body image, anxiety, and exercise self-efficacy. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50(5S): 828, May 2018. https://10.1249/01.mss.0000538727.49421.5a.

Roongta, J. (2024). Yoga as a transformative practice: Improving body image and physical fitness in visually impaired secondary school students. Indian Journal of Yoga Exercise & Sport Science and Physical Education, 9(2).

Shang, Y., Xie, H. D., & Yang, S. Y. (2021). The Relationship Between Physical Exercise and Subjective Well-Being in College Students: The Mediating Effect of Body Image and Kepercayaan diri. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 658935. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658935.

Zartaloudi, Christopoulos, Kelesi, Govina, Mantzorou, Adamakidou, Karvouni, Koutelekos, Evangelou, Fasoi, & Vlachou. (2023). Body image, social physique anxiety levels and kepercayaan diri among adults participating in physical activity programs. Diseases 2023, 11, 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases11020066.

Zhang, Y., Wen, Z., Zhu, Y., et al. (2024). Effects of physical exercise on body esteem among females: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 24, 3387 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20861-7.

Downloads

Published

2026-04-16

How to Cite

Prawesti, D. R. D., & Djawas, F. A. (2026). Tinjauan sistematis: efektivitas latihan fisik terhadap kepercayaan diri dan citra tubuh perempuan. Journal Physical Therapy UNISA, 6(1), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.31101/jitu.4689

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): April

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Dini Rahma Dwi Prawesti, Faizah Abdullah Djawas

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.